CleanLip

Procida, Island Of

2005-04-05T20:41:00.000-07:00

Italian Isola Di Procida, Latin Prochyta, island near the northwest entrance to the Bay of Naples, Napoli provincia, Campania regione, southern Italy. It lies between Ischia Island and Cape Miseno on the mainland. It has an area of 1.45 square miles (3.75 square km), and the highest point is 250 feet (76 m) above sea level. Of volcanic origin, it is made up, with the adjacent Vivara Island, of four extinct craters. Parts of the margins

Atlantic Charter

2005-04-05T06:11:00.000-07:00

A propaganda manifesto of common aims, the charter stated that (1) neither nation sought any aggrandizement; (2) they desired

Eretna Dynasty

2005-04-04T21:00:00.000-07:00

The dynasty's founder, Eretna, was an officer of Uighur (Uyghur) origin in the service of Demirtas, the Il-Khanid governor of Anatolia, who revolted (1326) against the Il-Khanid ruler Abu Sa'id and escaped to Egypt. Eretna then became governor of Anatolia under the suzerainty of Hasan

Ardhanarisvara

2005-04-02T23:26:00.000-08:00

(Sanskrit: Lord Who Is Half Woman), composite male–female figure of the Hindu god Siva, together with his consort Parvati. As seen in many beautiful Indian and Southeast Asian sculptures, the right (male) half of the figure is adorned with the traditional ornaments of Siva. Half of the hair is piled in a hairdress of matted locks, half of a third eye is visible on the forehead, a tiger

New General Catalogue Of Nebulae And Clusters Of Stars

2005-04-02T17:11:00.000-08:00

(NGC), basic reference list of star clusters, nebulas, and galaxies. It was compiled in 1888 by Danish astronomer Johan Ludvig Emil Dreyer, who based his work on earlier lists made by the Herschel family of British astronomers. Dreyer included some 8,000 celestial objects, a total raised to about 13,000 by his first and second Index Catalogues (IC), published in 1895 and 1908, respectively. With these

General Will

2005-04-01T17:35:00.000-08:00

Theory of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, 18th-century French political philosopher, that in a democratic society the state represents the general will of the citizens, and that in obeying its laws each citizen is pursuing his own real interest. Rousseau distinguished the “general will” from particular wills. The general will is a moral will, a will that aims at the common

Ahmed Vefik Pasa

2005-03-31T16:39:00.000-08:00

Born into a family of diplomats, Ahmed Vefik was appointed (1849) imperial commissioner in the Danubian principalities and later ambassador to Persia and to France. He presided

Chacma

2005-03-31T13:03:00.000-08:00

Species of baboon (q.v.).

Alb

2005-03-30T15:33:00.000-08:00

Derived from the long white tunic (tunica alba, or linea) commonly

Avestan Language

2005-03-29T08:55:00.000-08:00

Also called (incorrectly) Zend Language, eastern Iranian language of the Avesta, the sacred book of Zoroastrianism. Avestan falls into two strata, the older being that of the Gathas, which reflects a linguistic stage (dating from c. 600 BC) close to that of Vedic Sanskrit in India. The greater part of the Avesta is written in a more recent form of the language and shows gradual simplification and variation in grammatical

Cella

2005-03-29T04:50:00.000-08:00

Greek Naos, in Classical architecture, the body of a temple (as distinct from the portico) in which the image of the deity is housed. In early Greek and Roman architecture it was a simple room, usually rectangular, with the entrance at one end and with the side walls often being extended to form a porch. In larger temples, where the cella is open to the sky, a small temple was sometimes

Yevtushenko, Yevgeny (aleksandrovich)

2005-03-27T16:56:00.000-08:00

Yevtushenko, a fourth-generation

Sa'adia Ben Joseph

2005-03-27T01:16:00.000-08:00

Sa'adia's opus magnum was on exegesis. He prepared

Tseng-tzu

2005-03-27T00:50:00.000-08:00

Tseng-tzu was highly influential in reaffirming the Confucian emphasis on the virtue of hsiao

Mauna Loa

2005-03-26T07:49:00.000-08:00

Volcano, south-central Hawaii Island, Hawaii, U.S., and a part of Hawaii Volcanoes National Park (established as Hawaii National Park in 1916). One of the largest single mountain masses in the world, Mauna Loa (meaning “long mountain”) rises to 13,678 feet (4,169 m) above sea level. Its dome is 75 miles (120 km) long and 64 miles (103 km) wide, and its lava flows occupy more than 2,000 square miles (5,120 square km) of the island. Mokuaweoweo,

Théâtre-libre

2005-03-26T05:33:00.000-08:00

(French: Free Theatre), independent, private theatre founded in Paris in 1887 by André Antoine, which became the proving ground for the new naturalistic drama. Antoine, an amateur actor, was influenced by the naturalistic novels of Émile Zola and by the theatrical realism of the Meiningen Company. Antoine believed that environment shaped character and behaviour, and he

Memory Abnormality, Hysterical amnesia

2005-03-25T01:25:00.000-08:00

Hysterical amnesia is of two main types. One involves the failure to recall particular past events or those falling within a particular period of the patient's life. This is essentially retrograde amnesia but it does not appear to depend upon an actual brain disorder, past or present. In the second type there is failure to register—and, accordingly, later to

Kléber, Jean-baptiste

2005-03-24T04:46:00.000-08:00

The son of a mason, Kléber was an officer in the Austrian army from 1776 to 1782. He was an architect for a time in Paris, and, in

Schenectady

2005-03-24T00:49:00.000-08:00

Local Mohawk Indians were involved in the

André, John

2005-03-23T11:45:00.000-08:00

Sent to America in 1774, André became chief intelligence officer to the British commander in chief, General Sir Henry Clinton, in New York City. From May 1779 he carried on a secret correspondence

Argentina, Trade

2005-03-22T20:32:00.000-08:00

In the 19th century Argentine beef and grain helped feed Britain's rapidly rising urban population, and

Welensky, Sir Roy

2005-03-21T17:59:00.000-08:00

Welensky, of East European Jewish stock on his father's side and South African Dutch on his mother's, first gained prominence

Tachycardia

2005-03-21T15:27:00.000-08:00

In physiology and medicine, a heart rate of more than 100 beats per minute. Tachycardia occurs normally during and after exercise or during stress and represents no danger to healthy individuals. In some cases, however, tachycardia occurs without apparent cause and is an arrhythmia, i.e., a pathological deviation from the normal heartbeat rhythm. Most arrhythmias are

World War I, The collapse of Austria-Hungary

2005-03-20T18:56:00.000-08:00

The duality of the Habsburg monarchy had been underlined from the very beginning of the war. Whereas the Austrian parliament, or Reichsrat, had been suspended in March 1914 and was not reconvened for three years, the Hungarian parliament in Budapest continued its sessions, and the Hungarian government proved itself constantly less amenable to dictation from the military

Scandinavian Literature, Norwegian

2005-03-20T03:35:00.000-08:00

In the 1890s established Norwegian writers came under fire from the new generation. The manifesto of new ideas was an essay published in 1890 in the periodical Samtiden (“The Present Age”) by Knut Hamsun, “Fra det ubevidste Sjaeleliv” (“From the Unconscious Life of the Mind”), which demanded attention to what was individual and idiosyncratic rather than typical. Hamsun was impatient

Ventnor

2005-03-19T22:57:00.000-08:00

Town (“parish”), Isle of Wight, historic county of Hampshire, England. The town lies along the southeastern coast of the Isle of Wight. From a small fishing hamlet it grew in the 19th century into a fashionable resort, noted for its mild climate and long hours of sunshine. The novelist Charles Dickens lived for a time nearby, and the poet Algernon Swinburne is buried in

Rabih Az-zubayr

2005-03-18T20:45:00.000-08:00

Rabih was enslaved as a child and later enrolled in the military service of az-Zubayr Pasha, a Sudanese prince. Rabih was loyal and capable, and he rose to a position of command. When in 1878 az-Zubayr rebelled against the Egyptian administration of the Sudan,

Kanye

2005-03-18T14:48:00.000-08:00

Village, southern Botswana. It lies along a main road southwest of Gaborone, the national capital. It is one of the country's largest villages and the traditional headquarters of the Bangwaketse people. Kanye is equipped with a mission hospital, an airfield, banks, and schools. Pop. (1984 est.) 23,000.

Alleppey

2005-03-18T03:04:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Alappuzha city, southern Kerala state, southwestern India. It lies on a narrow land spit between the Arabian Sea and Vembanad Lake, south of Kochi (formerly Cochin). Alleppey's port was opened to foreign trade by the British in the late 18th century to end the commercial supremacy of the Dutch trading post at Porakad, 10 miles (16 km) away. The city's economy is based largely on the coconut. Coconut

Fish Meal

2005-03-17T21:33:00.000-08:00

To be processed

Triathlon

2005-03-17T17:46:00.000-08:00

The sport debuted in San Diego, California, on September 25, 1974, when a race organized by local athletes Jack Johnstone and Don Shanahan was dubbed a triathlon. The event

Bridgman, Percy Williams

2005-03-16T17:08:00.000-08:00

Bridgman was the son of a journalist. He entered Harvard University in 1900, receiving his M.A. in 1905 and his Ph.D. in 1908. His experimental work on static high pressures was begun

Chardin, Jean

2005-03-16T15:29:00.000-08:00

In August 1671 he again set out for Persia. Traveling through

Hadano

2005-03-15T21:58:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Hatano city, Kanagawa Prefecture (ken), Honshu, Japan, stretching between Tanzawa-yama (Mt. Tanzawa; north; 5,141 ft [1,567 m]) and the Hadano basin (south). It was a regional commercial centre during the Tokugawa era (1603–1867), when the cultivation of tobacco was introduced. The city is now a tobacco-trading centre, containing a processing plant of the Japanese Monopoly Bureau. Because of its convenient

Wied, Gustav

2005-03-15T07:03:00.000-08:00

Wied was the son of a well-to-do farmer. He spent most of his life in provincial surroundings, which provide the usual background for his works. He was a private tutor for years, and then an actor, before he became

Venette, Jean De

2005-03-14T18:01:00.000-08:00

Of peasant origin, Jean joined the Carmelite order and was elected prior of the Carmelite convent at Paris in 1339. In 1342 he was appointed provincial of France for the Carmelite order. He also apparently served as a master of theology at the University of Paris.

Euripus

2005-03-13T15:16:00.000-08:00

Modern Greek Euripos, Evrípos, or Porthmós Evrípou, narrow strait in the Aegean Sea (an arm of the Mediterranean Sea), between the Greek island of Euboea (Évvoia) and the mainland of central Greece. It is 5 miles (8 km) long and varies from 130 feet (40 m) to 1 mile (1.6 km) in width. It has strong tidal currents (often reaching velocities of 12 knots) that reverse directions seven or more times a day. According to popular tradition, the ancient Greek

Wied, Gustav

2005-03-13T10:05:00.000-08:00

American collegiate athletic association that grew out of the Southern Conference. Members are the University of Alabama, the University of Arkansas (Fayetteville), Auburn University, the University of Florida, the University of Georgia, the University of Kentucky, Louisiana State University, the University of Mississippi, Mississippi State University,

Muhammad, The emigration from Mecca to Medina

2005-03-12T15:04:00.000-08:00

In the summer of 621, 12 men from Medina, visiting Mecca for the annual pilgrimage to the Ka'bah (still a pagan shrine), secretly professed themselves Muslims to Muhammad and went back to make propaganda for him at Medina. At the pilgrimage in June 622 a representative party of 75 persons from Medina, including two women, not merely professed Islam but also took an oath to defend Muhammad

Jackson, Charles Thomas

2005-03-12T11:12:00.000-08:00

Jackson received his M.D. from Harvard Medical School in 1829. He continued his medical studies at the University of Paris, also attending lectures on geology at the Royal School of Mines. He returned to Boston in 1832 and started a private medical practice but abandoned

Tibet

2005-03-11T17:55:00.000-08:00

According to legend the Tibetan people originated from the union of a monkey and a female demon. The Chinese T'ang annals (10th century) place the Tibetans' origin among the nomadic, pastoral Ch'iang tribes recorded about 200 BC as inhabiting the great steppe northwest of China. That region, where diverse racial elements met and mingled for centuries, may be accepted as the original

Hovey, Richard

2005-03-11T10:45:00.000-08:00

After graduating from Dartmouth in 1885, Hovey studied art and theology and in 1887 met Bliss Carman, the poet, with whom he later collaborated. Hovey lectured on aesthetics at the Farmington School of Philosophy and, for the last two years of his life, at Columbia University, where he held a post as professor

San Bernardino

2005-03-10T21:23:00.000-08:00

Central city of the San Bernardino–Riverside–Ontario metropolitan complex, seat (1853) of San Bernardino County, southern California, U.S., at the base of the San Bernardino Mountains. The site, which was named by Spanish missionaries for St. Bernardino of Siena, was sold to Mormons who laid out a town in 1852. It developed as a trade centre chiefly for the surrounding citrus groves

Endometriosis

2005-03-10T03:11:00.000-08:00

Rather than flowing out of the uterus by way of the vagina (during menstruation), some fragments of the endometrium may leave via the fallopian tubes and move into the pelvic

Xerox Parc

2005-03-09T05:02:00.000-08:00

Xerox had invented and dominated the paper copier market since 1948, but with the accession of C. Peter McColough as president in 1966 the company began to explore options for diversifying its business. In 1969 the director of research, Jack Goldman, produced a plan to establish an “Advanced Scientific & Systems Laboratory” to develop future technologies. The laboratory was not

Zambezi River, Navigation

2005-03-08T10:32:00.000-08:00

Given its numerous natural barriers—sandbars at the mouth, shallowness, and rapids and cataracts—the Zambezi is of little economic significance as a trade route. About 1,620 miles of the river, however, are navigable by shallow-draft steamers. The longest stretch of unbroken water runs from the river delta about 400 miles upstream to the Cahora Bassa Dam. Above the dam Lake

Corax

2005-03-07T03:56:00.000-08:00

There is little reliable information about Corax's life or his work, of which nothing survives. He was active at a time when democratic constitutions had replaced tyrannies in Sicily. He specialized in the theory of forensic oratory and is said to have advocated argument

Factoring

2005-03-07T02:48:00.000-08:00

In finance, the selling of accounts receivable on a contract basis by the business holding them—in order to obtain cash payment of the accounts before their actual due date—to an agency known as a factor. The factor then assumes full responsibility for credit analysis of new accounts, payments collection, and credit losses. Factoring differs from borrowing in that

Homburg

2005-03-06T17:48:00.000-08:00

City, Saarland, southwestern Germany, on the Erbach River, northeast of Saarbrücken. Chartered in 1330 and 1558, it belonged to the counts of Homburg, most of whose territory was divided in 1499 between the houses of Nassau-Saarbrücken and Pfalz-Zweibrücken. It became part of the Bavarian Palatinate in 1815 and was included in the Saar in 1920. The market square is surrounded by fine 17th-century

Xerox Parc

2005-03-06T11:12:00.000-08:00

Variation of the amplitude of a carrier wave (commonly a radio wave) in accordance with the characteristics of a signal, such as a vocal or musical sound composed of audio-frequency waves. See modulation.

Adolf

2005-03-05T18:38:00.000-08:00

Adolf, who was count of Nassau from 1277 and a mercenary soldier of repute, was chosen king at Frankfurt by the German electors, who preferred him to Albert as successor to Albert's father, Rudolf I, the first Habsburg king. After his coronation at Aachen

Tiznit

2005-03-05T15:14:00.000-08:00

Town, provincial capital, and province, Sud region, Morocco. The town lies near the Atlantic coast and the Tachilla and Ouarzemimene mountains of the Anti-Atlas range. It was founded in 1882 during the reign of Maulay Hasan as a military base from which he launched expeditions to subdue the peoples of the Oued (river) Sous region and the neighbouring mountainous areas. Tiznit

Kerner, Justinus Andreas Christian

2005-03-04T19:17:00.000-08:00

After the death of his father (1799), Kerner worked in a cloth factory until he was able to study medicine at Tübingen. There he met Uhland and spent most of his time reading and writing poetry. He became

Murad Ii

2005-03-04T04:03:00.000-08:00

Early in his reign, Murad had to overcome several claimants to the Ottoman throne who were supported by the Byzantine emperor Manuel II Palaeologus and by many of the Turkmen principalities

Colbert, Jean-baptiste

2005-03-04T03:50:00.000-08:00

Controller general of finance (from 1665) and secretary of state for the navy (from 1668) under King Louis XIV of France. He carried out the program of economic reconstruction that helped make France the dominant power in Europe.

Roxburghshire

2005-03-03T17:02:00.000-08:00

Numerous archaeological remains in the area

Costello, Elvis

2005-03-03T07:51:00.000-08:00

The son of musicians, Costello was exposed to a mix of British and American styles—dance-hall pop to modern jazz to the Beatles—from an early age. During the early 1970s he lived in London, recording demos and performing locally while working as a computer

Children's Literature, Prehistory (1646?1865)

2005-03-01T21:42:00.000-08:00

The prehistoric annals are short and simple. Dominated by England, native creativity—to refer only to books with even the thinnest claim to literary quality—amounted to little. The Puritan view of the unredeemable child obtained almost into the era of Andrew Jackson. Jonathan Edwards put it neatly: unrepentant children were “young vipers and infinitely more hateful

Huysmans, Camille

2005-03-01T15:51:00.000-08:00

Trained as a philologist, Huysmans taught at the collège at Ieper, Belg., the Atheneum at Ixelles, Belg., and the Université Nouvelle (French: “New University”) in Brussels.

Gullah

2005-03-01T04:24:00.000-08:00

Creole language based on English, spoken by former black slaves and their descendants (also called Gullahs and Geechees, West African tribal names) on the Sea Islands of South Carolina and Georgia and on the mainland nearby. Gullah consists of an English pidgin base characteristic of 17th- and 18th-century British colonists' speech, with additional vocabulary and some

Osborne, John

2005-03-01T02:33:00.000-08:00

The son of a commercial artist and a barmaid, Osborne used insurance money from his father's death in 1941 for a boarding- school education at Belmont College, Devon. He hated

Argali

2005-02-28T14:03:00.000-08:00

(Ovis ammon), the largest living wild sheep, found in the highlands of eastern Central Asia. It may stand 1.3 m (4 feet) high at the shoulders and weigh more than 140 kg (300 pounds). Large horns, present in the rams, are especially massive in the Pamir argali, or Marco Polo sheep, in which they may be 1.8 m (6 feet) or more in length.

Xerophyte

2005-02-28T11:42:00.000-08:00

Any plant adapted to life in a dry or physiologically dry habitat (salt marsh, saline soil, or acid bog) by means of mechanisms to prevent water loss or to store available water. Succulents (plants that store water) such as cacti and agaves have thick, fleshy stems or leaves. Other xerophytic adaptations include waxy leaf coatings, the ability to

Gainesville

2005-02-27T22:25:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1823) of Hall county, northeastern Georgia, U.S., about 50 miles (80 km) northeast of Atlanta. It is located along Lake Sidney Lanier (which is impounded by Buford Dam on the Chattahoochee River), in the foothills of the southern Blue Ridge Mountains. Settled in 1818, it was named for General Edmund P. Gaines, who served in the War of 1812. Gainesville was heavily damaged and many lives were

Respiratory Therapy

2005-02-26T23:01:00.000-08:00

One of the conditions frequently dealt with is obstruction of breathing passages, in which therapy may consist of clearing the airway of mucus or liquid secretion

Stabile

2005-02-26T10:37:00.000-08:00

The increasing monumentality of Calder's stabiles contributed significantly

Iberville, Pierre Le Moyne D'

2005-02-25T17:51:00.000-08:00

The son of prominent Montreal fur trader Charles Le Moyne, Iberville spent his young manhood in raids against English trading posts on

Székesfehérvár

2005-02-25T17:13:00.000-08:00

A Roman settlement, Herculea, superseded an earlier Celtic village on the site; in the 10th century it was chosen by Stephen I, king of Hungary, as capital of the Hungarian kingdom, which it remained until the 16th century. Then known as Alba Regia,

Uzbek Khanate

2005-02-24T19:30:00.000-08:00

Any of the three states that ruled Transoxania, in present-day Uzbekistan, before it came under Russian rule in the 19th century. The khanates of Bukhara and Khiva (Khwarezm) were established by two branches of the Shaybanid dynasty, which won control of Transoxania from the Timurids in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. The Shaybanids were replaced at Bukhara successively

Montserrat

2005-02-24T02:30:00.000-08:00

The original Native American inhabitants of Montserrat began to arrive in the Lesser Antilles about 3000 BC. Carib Indians, who arrived later, are said to have named the island Alliouagana (“Land of the Prickly Bush”). However, Montserrat was uninhabited by the time Christopher Columbus sighted it in November 1493, during his second voyage to the Americas. Columbus named the island

Yamato-koriyama

2005-02-23T20:23:00.000-08:00

Also called Koriyama-kingyo (Koriyama-Goldfish), city, Nara ken (prefecture), western Honshu, Japan. It is located 3 miles (5 km) southwest of Nara city. A prehistoric settlement, it became a castle town during the last decade of the 15th century. With the opening of a trunk line of the National Railway, a modern textile factory was established there in 1893. The most important industry of the city has been goldfish

Gipsite

2005-02-23T11:35:00.000-08:00

A variety of the mineral gypsum (q.v.).

Sol

2005-02-22T23:55:00.000-08:00

In physical chemistry, a colloid (aggregate of very fine particles dispersed in a continuous medium) in which the particles are solid and the dispersion medium is fluid. If the dispersion medium is water, the colloid may be called a hydrosol; and if air, an aerosol. Lyophobic (Greek: “liquid-hating”) sols are characterized by particles that are not strongly attracted to

Baikonur

2005-02-21T16:08:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Baykonur, Baykonyr, or Bajkonur, also called Tyuratam, or Turatam, former Soviet and current Russian space centre in south-central Kazakstan. Baikonur was a Soviet code name for the centre, but American analysts often called it Tyuratam, after the railroad station at Tyuratam (Leninsk), the nearest large city. Baikonur lies on the north bank of the Syr Darya, about 100 miles (160 km) northwest of Qyzylorda. The Soviet Union's secretiveness about

Bruce Peninsula

2005-02-21T14:52:00.000-08:00

Also called Saugeen Peninsula, extension of the Niagara Escarpment, southeastern Ontario, Canada. The peninsula juts northwestward for 60 miles (100 km) into Lake Huron, separating that lake from Georgian Bay. After rising abruptly from its rugged east coast to heights of 200–500 feet (60–150 m) above the lake, the peninsula slopes gradually to its western coast. Although it is poor agriculturally, it is a popular vacation

Corby

2005-02-21T07:19:00.000-08:00

Corby was a village of 1,596 inhabitants

Amroha

2005-02-21T02:19:00.000-08:00

Town, northwestern Uttar Pradesh state, northern India, west-northwest of Moradabad town, on the Sot River. A marketplace for agricultural produce, its chief industries are hand-loom weaving, pottery making, and sugar milling. Colleges of Agra University are located there, as is the shrine of Sheikh Saddu, a Muslim saint. Amroha is connected by rail with Moradabad and Delhi. Pop.

Music, African, Aerophones

2005-02-20T20:12:00.000-08:00

The archaic bull-roarer (a board attached by rope to a stick and whirled about in the air) survives in various localities, notably in southern Africa among the San and neighbouring peoples. Of the wind instruments proper, the three main divisions—flutes, reed pipes, and trumpets—are all well represented, though the second of these is more restricted in distribution

Ambrosiaster

2005-02-19T17:30:00.000-08:00

In 1527 Erasmus expressed doubts that the work was written by Ambrose. His judgment was eventually accepted by scholars, and the author is generally called Ambrosiaster

Astor (of Hever Castle), Nancy Witcher Astor, Viscountess

2005-02-19T05:39:00.000-08:00

In 1897 she married Robert Gould Shaw of Boston, from whom she was divorced in 1903, and in 1906 she married Waldorf Astor, great-great-grandson of John Jacob Astor. When her husband succeeded to his father's viscountcy

Clapper

2005-02-18T11:27:00.000-08:00

Clappers

Gai Saber

2005-02-18T07:18:00.000-08:00

Old Provençal: “gay knowledge” or “gay science” the art of composing love poetry; especially the art of the Provençal troubadours as set forth in a 14th-century work called the Leys d'amors. The Old Provençal phrase gai saber is associated with the Consistòri del Gai Saber, originally the Sobregaya compannia dels VII Trobadors de Tolosa (“Very Gay Company of the Seven Troubadours of Toulouse”), a group of seven citizens

Uruguay, The arts

2005-02-17T16:40:00.000-08:00

José Enrique Rodó, a modernist, is considered Uruguay's most significant literary figure. His book Ariel (1900), which stresses the importance of upholding spiritual over materialistic values, as well as resisting cultural dominance by Europe and the United States, continues to influence young writers. Outstanding among Latin American playwrights is Florencio Sá

Aesthetics, Understanding art

2005-02-17T15:32:00.000-08:00

The use of the concept of understanding in describing the appreciation of art marks out an interesting distinction between art and natural beauty. A person may understand or fail to understand T.S. Eliot's Four Quartets, Michelangelo's “David,” or Beethoven's Ninth Symphony, but he cannot understand or fail to understand the Highlands of Scotland, even when he finds

Malakoff

2005-02-16T00:15:00.000-08:00

Town, Hauts-de-Seine département, Paris région, north-central France. A southwestern industrial suburb of Paris, it has an electrical-engineering school and manufactures electrical equipment, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and precision instruments. The town was created in 1883 and was named for the fortress of Malakhov at Sevastopol, which was captured by the French

Durant, Will; And Durant, Ariel

2005-02-15T14:59:00.000-08:00

Will Durant's writing career began with the publication of Philosophy and the Social Problem (1917). His second book, The Story of

Obbligato

2005-02-15T10:33:00.000-08:00

(Italian: “obligatory”), in music, essential but subordinate instrumental part. For example, in an 18th-century aria with trumpet obbligato, the trumpet part, although serving as accompaniment to the voice, may be as brilliant in its writing as that of the voice itself. The term obbligato accompaniment has a more specialized meaning in some 18th-century music (see accompaniment

Akh

2005-02-15T08:30:00.000-08:00

In Egyptian religion, the spirit of a deceased person and, with the ka and ba (qq.v.), a principal aspect of the soul. By enabling the soul to assume temporarily any form it desired, for the purpose of revisiting the earth or for its own enjoyment, the akh characterized the soul of a deceased person as an effective entity in the next world. The akh-soul was generally represented

Beja

2005-02-14T05:31:00.000-08:00

Distrito (“district”), southern Portugal. It is the largest district in Portugal and produces olives, olive oil, wheat, rye, cork, dairy products, and leather goods. There is mining for copper, silver, lead, and zinc near Beja city at the Castro Verde project. In 1974 the Portuguese government initiated an agrarian reform program by which most of the estate holdings of the district

Fadeyev, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich

2005-02-14T04:23:00.000-08:00

Fadeyev passed his youth in the Ural Mountains and in eastern Siberia, receiving his schooling in Vladivostok. He joined the Communist

Annelid, Distinguishing taxonomic features

2005-02-13T19:01:00.000-08:00

Classification of free-living and sedentary polychaetes relies almost exclusively on external characters, such as the shape of the head, and on the number and nature of structures, such as appendages (including anal ones), parapodia, and setae, and on tube construction. Oligochaete classification relies largely on internal structures, especially the arrangement

Jainism, Jainism, Hinduism, and Buddhism

2005-02-13T00:40:00.000-08:00

Jainism, Hinduism, and Buddhism share many key concepts derived from the Sanskrit language and dialects that have enabled them to hone their religious debates. For example, all three traditions share a notion of karman as the actions of individuals that determine their future births; yet each has attached unique connotations to the concept. This is also true with

Góngora Y Argote, Luis De

2005-02-12T08:20:00.000-08:00

The son of a judge, Góngora profited from his father's fine library and from relatives

Chasing

2005-02-12T00:25:00.000-08:00

Metalwork technique used to define or refine the forms of a surface design and to bring them to the height of relief required. The metal is worked from the front by hammering with various tools that raise, depress, or push aside the metal without removing any from the surface (except when the term chasing, instead of the more appropriate term chiselling, is used to describe

Bradbury, Sir Malcolm

2005-02-11T11:10:00.000-08:00

Bradbury studied at the University of Leicester (B.A., 1953), Queen Mary College (M.A., 1955) in London, and the University of Manchester, from which he received his doctorate in 1964. After traveling in the United States on a fellowship,

Aristaeus

2005-02-11T05:18:00.000-08:00

Greek divinity whose worship was widespread but concerning whom myths are somewhat obscure. The name is derived from the Greek aristos, “best.” According to the generally accepted account, Aristaeus, son of Apollo and the nymph Cyrene, was born in Libya but later went to Thebes, where he received instruction from the Muses in the arts of healing and prophecy and became

Quad

2005-02-10T22:27:00.000-08:00

Unit of energy equal to 1 quadrillion (1015) British thermal units (BTU). The quad is a convenient unit for describing national and world energy resources. One quad is also equal to 293 billion kilowatt hours, or, for fuels of average heating values, 183 million barrels of petroleum, 38.5 million tons of coal, or 980 billion cubic feet of natural gas.

China, The era of barbarian invasions and rule

2005-02-10T07:29:00.000-08:00

For the first time, the power vacuum was filled by non-Chinese forces. In 304 a Sinicized Hsiung-nu chieftain, Liu Yüan, assumed the title of king of Han and started the conquest of northern China. Operating from bases in western and southern Shansi, the Hsiung-nu armies, supported by local Chinese rebels, conquered the ancient homeland of Chinese civilization; the fall and

Self-incrimination

2005-02-09T13:04:00.000-08:00

In law, the giving of evidence that might tend to expose the witness to punishment for crime. The term is generally used in relation to the privilege of refusing to give such evidence. In some continental European countries (Germany, for example, but not France), a person fearing self-incrimination may make his own decision as to whether or not he will testify. In Anglo-American

Earth, Composition of the core

2005-02-09T07:32:00.000-08:00

Aside from having a high density, the generation of the magnetic field also requires that the core, unlike the mantle, be metallic. Birch's conclusion in 1952 was that iron is the most plausible constituent of the core. This was bolstered by subsequent work that has shown that iron is by far the most abundant element in the cosmos with density, elasticity, and electrical properties

CleanLip

Procida, Island Of

Atlantic Charter

Eretna Dynasty

Ardhanarisvara

New General Catalogue Of Nebulae And Clusters Of Stars

General Will

Ahmed Vefik Pasa

Chacma

Alb

Avestan Language

Cella

Yevtushenko, Yevgeny (aleksandrovich)

Sa'adia Ben Joseph

Tseng-tzu

Mauna Loa

Théâtre-libre

Memory Abnormality, Hysterical amnesia

Kléber, Jean-baptiste

Schenectady

André, John

Argentina, Trade

Welensky, Sir Roy

Tachycardia

World War I, The collapse of Austria-Hungary

Scandinavian Literature, Norwegian

Ventnor

Rabih Az-zubayr

Kanye

Alleppey

Fish Meal

Triathlon

Bridgman, Percy Williams

Chardin, Jean

Hadano

Wied, Gustav

Venette, Jean De

Euripus

Wied, Gustav

Muhammad, The emigration from Mecca to Medina

Jackson, Charles Thomas

Tibet

Hovey, Richard

San Bernardino

Endometriosis

Xerox Parc

Zambezi River, Navigation

Corax

Factoring

Homburg

Xerox Parc

Adolf

Tiznit

Kerner, Justinus Andreas Christian

Murad Ii

Colbert, Jean-baptiste

Roxburghshire

Costello, Elvis

Children's Literature, Prehistory (1646?1865)

Huysmans, Camille

Gullah

Osborne, John

Argali

Xerophyte

Gainesville

Respiratory Therapy

Stabile

Iberville, Pierre Le Moyne D'

Székesfehérvár

Uzbek Khanate

Montserrat

Yamato-koriyama

Gipsite

Sol

Baikonur

Bruce Peninsula

Corby

Amroha

Music, African, Aerophones

Ambrosiaster

Children's Literature, Prehistory (1646?1865)

China, The era of barbarian invasions and rule